During the Protestant Reformation, most Transylvanian Saxons converted to Lutheranism. u. After the collapse of the Ceauescu regime in 1989 and the fall of the East German communist government, many of them continued to emigrate to unified Germany. Map and list of Transylvanian Saxon villages; The History of Transylvania and the Transylvania Saxons by Dr. Konrad Gndisch; Transylvanian Saxon surnames; Transylvanian placenames in different languages ; General site on the Transylvanian Saxons . history. Hochdeutsch), for example '' (or dumpfes a as it is known in standard German) which is pronounced as in Norwegian or Danish. Barbaneagra. [36] In the case of the first settlement (i.e. The word means 'god-given' or ' gift of God .'. The old wicker basket is almost full, but it is one of many tasks required by Zakel, who lives in Switzerland but visits regularly, as she goes about maintaining and restoring this old farmhouse to keep her ancestral heritage alive. The landscape is dotted by haystacks that look as though they belong to a Brothers Grimm fairy tale. Although the Saxons did their best to resist, many settlements were destroyed. He described the Transylvanian Saxons, who had for centuries preserved their language and customs among foreign peoples, as enlightened colonists par excellence. Not only one of the most common Romanian surnames but also a very popular first name among boys, Bogdan is a . mi.). Throughout Transylvania, many Saxon homes remain empty, dusty and strewn with decaying personal belongings. In its early years, it included the territories of Hermannstadt, Leschkirch (Nocrich), and Gro-Schenk (Cincu), the areas that were colonized the earliest by ethnic Germans in the region. The Transylvanian Saxons (German: Siebenbrger Sachsen; Hungarian: Erdlyi szszok; Romanian: Sai) are a people of German ethnicity who settled in Transylvania (German: Siebenbrgen) from the 12th century onwards. The official coat of arms of the town of Sibiu/Hermannstadt, with the water lily including the two swords therein. [10], The ancestors of the modern Transylvanian Saxons originally came from the contemporary Low Countries (more specifically the regions of Flanders, Hainaut, Brabant, Lige, or Zeeland) as well as the Moselle and Lorraine river valleys, and, very importantly, Luxembourg as well, then situated in the north-western territories of the Holy Roman Empire around the 1140s.[11]. Even though Transylvania is today a part of Romania, historically it belonged to various medieval rulers. Transylvanian Saxon intellectual Stephan Ludwig Roth also pleaded for a strengthening of the German element in Transylvania during the 19th century by means of more waves of settlers stemming from contemporary Germany while at the same time firstly supporting the rights of the ethnic Romanians. Members of the Transylvania Saxon community are working to restore the regions traditional architecture (Credit: Stephen McGrath). After 1918 and the dissolution of Austria-Hungary, in the wake of the Treaty of Trianon (signed in 1920), Transylvania united with the Kingdom of Romania, after the Transylvanian Saxons also voted for the union with the Romanian kingdom in February 1919. Obwohl die Deutungen nur genaue Ausknfte ber den Popescu is also one of the most common surnames in Romania and means"son of the priest". They are still used in the Lativan diaspora. For decades, the . Fortification of the towns. und gebrauchten einen weiterern Erkennungsnamen nur wenn es ntig war. [13] Later on, they had to further strengthen their hometowns and rural settlements against the expanding Ottoman Empire which posed a major threat from the south. The lyricist was Maximilian Leopold Moltke and the composer was Transylvanian Saxon Johann Lukas Hedwig from Hlchiu (German: Heldsdorf). Their native dialect, Transylvanian Saxon (endonym: Siweberjesch-Sksesch, German: Siebenbrgisch-Schsisch, Romanian: Dialectul ssesc) is close to Luxembourgish. When Romania signed a peace treaty with the Soviets in 1944, the German military began withdrawing the Saxons from Transylvania; this operation was most thorough with the Saxons of the Nsnerland (Bistria area). But even forsaken communities such as these can be partly revived, as Carmen Schuster discovered on a fateful return to her ancestral village of Cincor (Kleinschenk in German). [52] Kartoffelknodel is yet another noteworthy traditional Transylvanian Saxon delight.[53]. 1935 Einwohnerbuch - Strehlen The church is surrounded by walls 12 meters (40 feet) high and four meters (10 feet) thick. Nevertheless, Transylvanian Saxon is very similar to Luxembourgish and sounds as a form of medieval German (e.g. This wave of settlement included exiled Protestants from Upper Austria (the Transylvanian Landlers namely), who were given land near Hermannstadt (Sibiu). British Surnames (National Institute) The surprising story of the Basque language, sign up for the weekly bbc.com features newsletter. fortified churches). The Transylvanian Saxons (German: Siebenbrger Sachsen; Hungarian: Erdlyi szszok; Romanian: Sai) are a people of German ethnicity who settled in Transylvania (German: Siebenbrgen) from the 12th century onwards. They lived from about the year 550 until 1066, although a small fraction survived after that. Entire Site ara Oltului in Romanian, after the German name for the Olt river, or the old land as in a word for word translation from German) or Hermannstadt Provinz, based around the picturesque well preserved medieval town of Hermannstadt, today's Sibiu. Herberth, just like his ancestors would have, even brings raw wood by horse and cart from the local forest, which he says incurs far less waste and is more environmentally friendly. The Transylvanian Saxons were badly stung by choices made in World War II, when Romania for most of the conflict fought on the side of the Nazis but then changed sides to join the Western Allies and Soviets from 1944. The song of Transylvania) is the regional anthem of the Transylvanian Saxon community as well as an unofficial regional hymn of Transylvania, praising the region as a land of blessings and great natural beauty. After the end of World War I, on 8 January 1919, the representatives of the Transylvanian Saxons decided to support the unification of Transylvania with the Kingdom of Romania. I have given after each surname the modern Romanian translation of the elements; most of these translations are probably accurate for medieval Romanian, but I cannot say for sure. The destination is usually supposed to have been Prignitz, Uckermark, and Pomerania, but a minor alternative theory suggests settlement in Transylvania.[24][25][26]. The church bells slowly toll and the smell of fresh roses permeates the air as 25 local Saxons, both young and old, file into the 14th-Century fortified church for Sunday morning prayers. Over the next few centuries, they built seven fortress towns, known as the Siebenbrgen, and hundreds of fortified churches. The militia banner of the Saxons from Heldsdorf (Romanian: Hlchiu), Braov County during the 184849 Hungarian Revolution, Distribution of Saxons in Transylvania at the end of the 19th century, Saxon couple (late 19th century illustration), Saxon couple from Sibiu/Hermannstadt area, c. 1900. THE RESTORATION OF THE TRANSYLVANIAN HUNGARIAN ARISTOCRATS. The Transylvanian Saxon population has been steadily decreasing since World War II as they started leaving the territory of present-day Romania en masse during and after World War II, relocating initially to Austria, then predominantly to southern Germany (especially in Bavaria). Barbu. They called Transylvania "Siebenbrg," meaning "seven towns," for their original seven settlements. Most Common Romanian Surnames Gergely Szilvay. Liste von Ortschaften in . Familien-Namen (Fritz Keintzel-Schn), Editura Academiei Bucuresti und ihre Orte Trgu Neam), they could have been equally helped in establishing it by the Teutonic Knights. Transylvanian Saxons adopted surnames a little later than in western Europe, starting in the 1500's. Although many surnames are also common in other German-speaking areas, there are some distinctions due to the Saxon dialect's pronunciation and vocabulary, and due to loan-words from other languages, primarily Hungarian and Latin. . Source: Alliance of Transylvanian Saxons. Use the drop-down list to select a specific part of the site. Bogdan. They were promised full minority rights, but many wealthy Saxons lost part of their land in the land reform process that was implemented in the whole of Romania after World War I. (Obwohl die frhen Europer whrend der Rmerzeit The rapid expansion of cities populated by the Saxons led to Transylvania being known in German as Siebenbrgen and Septem Castra or Septem Castrensis in Latin[d], referring to seven of the fortified towns (see Historical names of Transylvania), most likely: Other potential candidates for this list include: Other notable urban Saxon settlements include: In addition to fortifying their towns over the passing of time, the Transylvanian Saxons also had to fortify their villages by building their fortified churches (the Transylvanian Saxons were initially strongly Roman Catholic then Evangelical Lutheran after the Reformation). . . A handpicked selection of stories from BBC Future, Culture, Worklife and Travel, delivered to your inbox every Friday. You should do something with this heritage by preserving it, put it in line for other people, especially for tourists, in 10 or 20 years it can be a sustainable model, said Schuster, who describes these buildings as part of her inner landscape. Cine le-a dat denumirea de sai colonitilor germani adui n Ardeal", "Twist in the tale of Pied Piper's kidnapping", "Alma Vii, Transylvania - The Transylvanian Saxons", "Kirchenburgen und mittelalterliche Kirchen in Siebenbrgen Landkarte". Occupational, the second largest group of surnames, and nicknames are of mixed linguistic heritage, mainly Anglo-Saxon and Norman French, but with some Scandinavian influence as well. [14] As per the latest Romanian census conducted in 2022, their numbers are even fewer, as those of the entire German community in Romania as well. Most of the churches are big enough to house villagers fleeing from invaders - sheep flocks, cow herds and family dogs included. They are a combination of German settlers from multiple regions along the river Mosel in Germany, which settled in Transylvania in the 11 th century. ( Mac / Adobe Stock) Transylvanian Fortified Churches as Heritage of Saxon Settlers . The legal foundation of their settlement in southern, southeastern, and northeastern Transylvania was officially stipulated within the Diploma Andreanum (German: Der Goldener Freibrief der Siebenbrger Sachsen, English: The Golden Charter of the Transylvanian Saxons, Romanian: Carta de aur a sailor transilvneni) issued by King Andrew II of Hungary which allocated them the royal land (Romanian: Pmntul criesc or Pmntul regal) under local autonomy known as Knigsboden or Fundus Regius in Latin. An Outline of Transsilvanian-Saxon History by Klaus Popa, MA Arhivirano 2021-01-22 na Wayback Machine. Its weekly publication is the Volksblatt. This is further hinted but also highlighted in the coat of arms of the town of Sibiu/Hermannstadt (Romanian: Cibinium) by the water lily included therein. The ruins of the Roman Catholic cathedral at Baia as seen in autumn. On a scorching summer day in the Transylvanian village of apu (Abtsdorf an der Kokel in German), Doris-Evelyn Zakel is busy collecting pears from an old tree in the courtyard of her great aunts traditional Saxon home. Of the 101 people, 55 had surnames (54.4%). Although the Hungarian control over Transylvania was defeated by Austrian and Imperial Russian forces in 1849, the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 (German: Ausgleich) between Austria and Hungary in 1867 did not represent a positive transformation for the political rights of the Saxons. Transylvanian Churchbooks. The word is made of two Slavic language words, namely 'bogu' meaning 'god' and 'dan' meaning 'given.'. Fieraru - This is an occupational surname that means "blacksmith." Fischer - This Romanian surname means "fisherman." Funar - This last name means "rope maker." Maier - This is the short form of the Romanian word meaning "farmer. Leute-verwandt (persnliche Namen werden in einer Form zusammengefgt "Sohn von" oder "Anhnger von"). However, Bucharest owes to its German-born king, Carol I, much of the systematization and modernization that occurred during late 1800s early 1900s. Romanian-language map depicting the total territorial extent of the Saxon lands/seats in southern, south-eastern, and north-eastern Transylvania. Size of this PNG preview of this SVG file: 800 533 pixels. Transylvanian Saxons, German-speaking population that in the Middle Ages settled in Transylvania, then part of Hungary. Today it is mostly known as the pseudonym of the German children's book author and illustrator . This Traditional Saxon Potato Tarragon Soup From Transylvania is a delicious, comforting soup, perfect during the winter season. The Saxons made their mark. Arbeit-verwandt (der Berufsname oder auch eine Anspielung zu einer Arbeit, The soup is made with starchy potatoes and meat, usually pork or . ersten Halter des Namens geben, gibt es, Some researchers think that surname meanings are of little value beyond the Hence, taking in consideration the aforementioned regarding the Saxon title in high medieval Transylvania, the Transylvanian Saxons' ethnic consciousness subsequently solidified after the first waves of settlers from Western Europe arrived in Transylvania and was further reinforced or revitalised with new settlers from central and southern present-day Germany during the Modern Age, more specifically during the 19th century. Continued immigration from the Empire expanded the area of the Saxons further to the east. This word in Romanian means 'bushy beard.'. In a small room hangs a black-and-white photo of her great aunt. The coastal stretch from the Elbe to the . In Romanian, it is also known as lichiu ssesc or just lichiu. 8. The Saxons became known as industrious, skilled craftspeople and smallholder farmers with their own language and culture, and they thrived here for centuries. Allegedly, the term Saxon was applied to all Germans of these historical regions because the first German settlers who came to the Kingdom of Hungary were either poor miners or groups of convicts from Saxony.[23]. For more than a hundred years starting in the 2nd century, the region in what is now Romania-comprised of the Transylvanian Basin and the lands to the south-was the Roman province of Dacia.Prior to this, the region had been settled by Indo-Europeans, which the Greeks called the Getae, who then intermingled with other tribes that the Romans . In comparative linguistics, Transylvanian Saxon is a West Central German dialect that is part of the Moselle Franconian branch. The colonization of Transylvania by ethnic Germans later collectively known as Transylvanian Saxons began under the reign of King Gza II of Hungary (11411162). She died in 2014. Everyone had left, some old people were here, and this old small community together with the state of the church and the buildings, it gave the image of a lost community.. [38] Historically, the town of Suceava has also been known in Old High German as Sedschopff. Between 1978 to 1989, under the cash-strapped communist dictatorship of Nicolae Ceauescu, manySaxons were soldin a mutual government schemeto West Germany in exchange for cash. Notably, it was part of the Kingdom of Hungary, a medieval realm that existed roughly . Well known Transylvanian Saxon politicians and administrative leaders include Michael Wei (former mayor of Braov/Kronstadt), Klaus Johannis (current President of Romania and former mayor of Sibiu/Hermannstadt), Iancu Sasul (i.e. Its county seat is Brevard.Transylvania County comprises the B. Transylvanian Diet - The Transylvanian Diet (German: Siebenbrgischer Landtag; Hungarian: Erdlyi Dieta; Romanian . The accuracy of these name definitions cannot be guaranteed. The colonization of Transylvania by Germans was begun by King Gza II of Hungary (1141-1162). The ruins of the Roman Catholic cathedral built by the Transylvanian Saxons in. Michael Wei, former mayor of Media/Mediasch. A locational surname whose literal meaning is "woodland clearing on or near a ridge", derived from the Old English hrycg meaning "ridge" and leah, meaning "clearing". [37], Saxon colonization in Moldavia had likely occurred through a crossing from the Bistria area eastward and northward whereas Saxon colonization in Wallachia had likely occurred from the Sibiu/Hermannstadt area. Its a lively event attended by throngs of locals. Glck in The initial waves of Transylvanian Saxons were referred to as hospites flandrenses et teutonici or primi hospites regni in Latin,[12] literally "the Flemish and Teutonic guests" or "the first guests of the kingdom" (i.e. ehrgeizig wurden, dieser The earliest text in Transylvanian Saxon was written by Johannes Trster in 1666.[56]. To guard the mountain passes of the Carpathians (German: Karpaten) against the Cumans, the knights constructed numerous castles and towns, including the major city of Kronstadt (Romanian: Braov). 46. The territory colonized by Germans covered an area of about 30,000km2 (10,000 sq. That area was important for mining in the Middle Ages. To download a copy, please contact hello@wikitongues.org.Th. . [17], The first wave of settlement continued well until the end of the 13th century. The most common names are Petru (11, 10.9%), Radu (8, 7.9%), and Stefan (8, 7.9%). Many saw it as an escape from communist Romania, and willingly left. Before their expulsion from communist Romania by communist and securist Romanian authorities, the Transylvanian Saxons formed distinct communities in their towns and villages, where they maintained their ethnic tradition characterised by specific customs, folklore, way of life, and distinctive clothing style (i.e. Schlesien - Silesia Linzing lives in Malancrav with her husband and two children, who all speak in the Saxon dialect, which is similar to that of Luxembourgish, when they are at home. This agreement preserved a considerable degree of political rights for the three aforementioned groups but excluded the largely Hungarian and Romanian peasantry from political life in the principality. 'Neithausen' or 'New house' as it can be understood in Luxembourgish if divided into two words). Submitted names are contributed by users of this website. Hello all, I am wondering if you have any recommendations for any material on this language. For centuries, the main tasks of the Transylvanian Saxons during the High Middle Ages were to protect the easternmost frontiers of the former Kingdom of Hungary against certain invading migratory Asiatic peoples, to bring more agriculture to the region, to instil Central European culture, enhance trade, and boost urbanisation and overall economic development. A second phase of German settlement during the early 13th century consisted of settlers primarily stemming from the Rhineland region, the southern Low Countries, and the Moselle region, with others from Thuringia, Bavaria, and even from France. His family claimed descent from the royal house of David. Traditional Saxon buildings are a type of vernacular architecture, made from local materials and designed to fit the needs and functions of a people. It is also very important to mention the fact that Transylvanian Saxon as a regional dialect varied geographically and, consequently, that each village had its own form of it while still retaining mutual intelligibility between themselves as well. Although the colonists came mostly from the western Holy Roman Empire and generally spoke Franconian dialectal varieties, they came to be collectively referred to as 'Saxons' because of Germans working for the royal Hungarian chancellery.[18][19]. [46], One prominent example of a local traditional dessert of the Transylvanian Saxons is the hanklich (Romanian: hencle or hencle ssesc), a sweet cheese pie with powdered sugar on top (variations include plums as main ingredients, raisins, or other dry fruits). It also has a series of characters which are different than in standard German (i.e. Ergnzt durch Logik und andere Forschungsquellen, u.a. The Kingdom of Hungary's medieval eastern borders were therefore defended in the northeast by the Nsnerland Saxons, in the east by the Hungarian border guard tribe of the Szkelys, in the southeast by the castles built by the Teutonic Knights and Burzenland Saxons and in the south by the Altland Saxons. It has forty-three branches and approximately 10,000 members. . Suche - Search Rumniendeutsche in der Waffen-SS, Bhlau Verlag Kln, Weimar, Wien 2007, History of German settlement in Central and Eastern Europe, the "national church" of the Transylvanian Saxons, Villages with fortified churches in Transylvania, arrested by the Soviet Army and sent to labour camps, Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession in Romania, Association of Transylvanian Saxons in Germany, List of fortified churches in Transylvania, Flight and expulsion of Germans (19441950), "Siebenbrgen und die Siebenbrger Sachsen", "Bodo Lttgen: Positives Einwirken und Mut zur Vernderung", "The History Of The Zipser Germans In Central Europe", "Ethnic German repatriates: Historical background", "Transylvania and the Transylvanian Saxons", "Cine sunt saii i cum au contribuit la dezvoltarea Transilvaniei. Angehrige verschiedene Stmmewaren, gingen diese Mitgliedschaften In 2011, Peters changed his surname to Espenhorst. the "national church" of the Transylvanian Saxons (or the people's church of the Saxons). As a result of these agreements, approximately 95% of the members of the German ethnic group who were fit for military service (Transylvanian Saxons and Banat Swabians) voluntarily enrolled into the Waffen-SS units (approximately 63,000 people), with several thousand serving in the special units of the SS Security Service (SD-Sonderkommandos), of which at least 2,000 ethnic Germans were enrolled in the concentration camps (KZ-Wachkompanien), of which at least 55% served in extermination camps, predominantly in Auschwitz and Lublin. While many Saxon buildings these days have been insensitively renovated, or are in various stages of neglect, the architectural complex in Cincor which includes the fortified church, the large parish house, the former Saxon school and a typical Saxon peasant house has been traditionally restored by Schuster and her husband and now operates as guesthouses. (adjectives describing the person physically or their personality and They got by on one name and used a personal identifier when needed. The settlers clear the forest and build houses. Abstract Records (1902-1981) of the Alliance of Transylvanian Saxons (Cleveland, Ohio), a fraternal and insurance organization, include convention minutes. Mehr Siebenbrgische Familiennamen Geni requires JavaScript! The Anglo-Saxons were Germanic tribes who first lived in Germany (as Saxons), but later migrated and reached Britain. Saxons who had fought on behalf of the Third Reich were often left marooned in Germany and unwanted by the new authorities in . "Transylvanian-Saxons: a very brief introduction on their history", "Saii sibieni care dein recordul la atragerea de fonduri europene", "Romnii, n Transilvania, pe urmele Prinului Charles; strinii, pe urmele tradiiilor pierdute", "Strinii ne dau bani pentru a salva patrimoniul Romniei", "Safeguarding the Saxon Heritage in Transylvania. Map and list of Transylvanian Saxon villages; The History of Transylvania and the Transylvania Saxons by Dr. Konrad Gndisch; Transylvanian Saxon surnames; Transylvanian placenames in different languages General site on the Transylvanian Saxons General forum for the Transylvanian Saxons The Transylvanian Saxons are a people of German ethnicity who settled in Transylvania (German: Siebenbrgen) from the 12th century onwards. "Siebenbrgische Zeitung". It spread to Italy during the Roman Empire and to England as early as the 1080s, being listed in the Doomsday Book compiled by William the Conqueror. In 1945 more than 70,000 Transylvanian Saxons were apprehended by Soviet occupiers and deported to labour camps in Siberia. In 1989, still 95,000 Saxons lived in Romania (approx. John the Saxon), Johannes Benkner (a former mayor of Braov/Kronstadt), or Astrid Fodor (current mayor of Sibu/Hermannstadt). This house was built by my great grandfather in 1911, and my grandparents lived here until they died in 2013 then I took over, she said. After all, the Saxon villages in Transylvania doubled as outposts used to defend trading routes through the countryside. Nearly 150,000 Romanians have this last name. changed their name! Maier. Many Saxon villages in Transylvania now have just a few remaining Saxons. Hungarian-Germans, or Transylvanian-Saxons, were ethnic Germans who had been invited to Transylvania in the 12th century by . Under the influence of Johannes Honterus, the great majority of the Transylvanian Saxons embraced the new creed of Martin Luther during the Protestant Reformation. The predominantly German-populated Hermannstadt was a noteworthy cultural center within Transylvania in the past, while Kronstadt (Braov) represented a vital political center for the Transylvanian Saxons. Johannes Benkner, former mayor of Braov/Kronstadt. Around 100,000 Germans fled before the Soviet Red Army, but Romania did not conduct the expulsion of Germans as did neighboring countries at war's end. The new pro-Soviet government of Romania suppressed their historical rights and confiscated properties. Transylvanian Saxon surnames; Transylvanian placenames in different languages (in German) General site on the Transylvanian Saxons . . Each person in a family might have a different descriptive identifier and those The represents the sound [r], which exists in some dialects of Latvian, but not in . 40% of the population of 1910), and between 1991 and 1992 another 75,000 emigrated. dr. Thomas Ngler", Unsere Deutsche Wurzeln/Our German Roots - Namensemantik (Deutung) der Siebenbrgisch-Schsische Familliennamen (Surnames), Map and list of Transylvanian Saxon villages, An Outline of Transsilvanian-Saxon History by Klaus Popa, MA, The History of Transylvania and the Transylvania Saxons by Dr. Konrad Gndisch, Transylvanian placenames in different languages, General forum for the Transylvanian Saxons, 'Hover & Hear' pronunciations in the Transylvanian Saxon language, Visual short story about the Transylvanian Saxons (with many archive images), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Transylvanian_Saxons&oldid=1141880666, Articles containing Romanian-language text, Articles containing Hungarian-language text, "Related ethnic groups" needing confirmation, Articles using infobox ethnic group with image parameters, Articles containing explicitly cited English-language text, Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images, Articles with German-language sources (de), Articles containing Spanish-language text, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 27 February 2023, at 09:28. Cumans, Pechenegs, Mongols, and Tatars). Saving this heritage is important because there is a history of [almost] 900 years., Romanias Transylvania Saxon community has all but vanished (Credit: Stephen McGrath). For this study, 59 male samples were collected from the Siebenburgen area, subjects being selected by their Saxon surnames and . of the former Kingdom of Hungary). . After the fall of communism in 1989, around 90% of the Saxons who remained fled Transylvania within a few months. The Transylvanian Saxons origin and nature will be . Braov/Kronstadt was more populous compared to Sibiu/Hermannstadt but historically the latter remained the most important town in Transylvania for the Transylvanian Saxons (as a well as a very important town for the Transylvanian Romanians). . Erkennungsnamen wurden, As communities got larger and people were more mobile or prestige-conscious, Original file (SVG file, nominally 900 600 pixels, file size: 16 KB) File information. [50][51] Another traditional Transylvanian Saxon dish is palukes. Typische Schsische Familiennamen - Typical Saxon Family Names, Mehr Siebenbrgische Familiennamen ". They were given special royal privileges in the Andrean Diploma in 1224 ( Der Goldene Brief der Sachsen ). The Sachsenheim Originally a house purchased by the Transylvanian Saxons Sick Benefits Society in 1907, the Sachsenheim underwent major renovations in 1910 and 1925. Barbaneagra.